Urological Oncology
Prostate Cancer Evaluation & Treatment
From PSA testing and biopsy to active surveillance, surgery or radiation — treatment is matched to the individual cancer.
01What is it?
Evaluation begins with PSA testing, examination and MRI where indicated, followed by biopsy if needed. Treatment options include active surveillance for low-risk cancers, radical prostatectomy (surgical removal), radiation therapy, and hormone-based treatments for advanced disease.
02When is treatment considered?
PSA testing is discussed with men over 50 (earlier with family history). Treatment decisions follow biopsy results, MRI, overall health and personal preference.
03Available treatment options
Low-risk cancers are often safely monitored (active surveillance). Localised higher-risk cancers are treated with surgery or radiation. Advanced cancers are managed with hormone therapy and newer systemic agents.
04What does the procedure involve?
Radical prostatectomy removes the prostate, usually by robotic or laparoscopic keyhole surgery, with a short catheter period. Radiation is delivered over several weeks as outpatient sessions.
05Expected recovery
After surgery: hospital stay of 1–3 days, catheter for 1–2 weeks, and continence and erectile function recovering over months, often with rehabilitation.
06Common risks
Surgery: temporary (sometimes lasting) urinary leakage and erectile dysfunction. Radiation: urinary and bowel irritation, and erectile effects over time. Active surveillance: a small chance of delayed treatment being needed.
07When to seek medical attention
After treatment, fever, catheter blockage or inability to pass urine need review.
08Frequently asked questions
This website provides general educational information and is not a substitute for an individual medical consultation. Diagnosis and treatment should be based on assessment by a qualified healthcare professional.