Conditions we evaluate and treat
Clear, plain-language explanations of common urological conditions. This information is general education — individual advice requires a consultation.
01Kidney & Urinary Tract
Kidney Stones
Hard deposits of minerals and salts that form inside the kidneys and may cause pain when they move or block urine flow.
Learn MoreUreteric Stones
Stones that have moved from the kidney into the ureter — the tube carrying urine to the bladder — often causing colicky pain.
Learn MoreRecurrent Urinary Tract Infection
Repeated bladder or urinary infections, usually defined as two or more infections in six months or three in a year.
Learn MoreHematuria (Blood in Urine)
Blood visible in the urine, or found on a urine test. It is a symptom — not a diagnosis — and always deserves evaluation.
Learn MoreHydronephrosis
Swelling of the kidney caused by a build-up of urine when drainage is blocked or slowed.
Learn MoreUrinary Frequency
Needing to pass urine more often than usual during the day. It has many possible causes, most of them treatable.
Learn MoreUrinary Urgency
A sudden, strong need to pass urine that is difficult to delay — a hallmark symptom of an overactive bladder.
Learn MoreNocturia (Waking at Night to Urinate)
Waking from sleep one or more times to pass urine. Common with age but often improvable once the cause is found.
Learn More02Prostate
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
Non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate, common with age, that can slow or obstruct urine flow.
Learn MoreLower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS)
An umbrella term for storage symptoms (frequency, urgency, nocturia), voiding symptoms (weak stream, straining) and post-void symptoms (dribbling).
Learn MoreProstatitis
Inflammation or infection of the prostate causing pelvic pain and urinary symptoms. It can be acute (sudden) or chronic (persistent).
Learn MoreProstate Cancer
A common cancer in older men, often slow-growing. Early prostate cancer usually causes no symptoms and is often detected through PSA testing.
Learn More03Urological Oncology
Prostate Cancer
A common cancer in older men, often slow-growing. Early prostate cancer usually causes no symptoms and is often detected through PSA testing.
Learn MoreKidney Cancer
Most kidney tumours are found incidentally on scans done for other reasons. Many small tumours can be treated with surgery that preserves the kidney.
Learn MoreBladder Cancer
The commonest warning sign is painless blood in the urine. Most bladder cancers are found early and can be treated through the urethra without open surgery.
Learn MoreUpper Tract Urothelial Cancer
A less common cancer arising from the lining of the kidney's collecting system or the ureter, often presenting with blood in the urine.
Learn More04Male Urology
Male Infertility
Difficulty contributing to conception after a year of trying. Male factors contribute to roughly half of couples' fertility problems.
Learn MoreErectile Dysfunction
Persistent difficulty achieving or maintaining an erection sufficient for sexual activity. It is common and usually treatable.
Learn MoreVaricocele
Enlarged veins within the scrotum, similar to varicose veins, usually on the left side. Common and often harmless, but sometimes linked to discomfort or reduced sperm quality.
Learn MoreHematospermia (Blood in Semen)
Blood visible in the semen. It looks alarming but in younger men is usually benign and self-limiting.
Learn MoreMale Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms
Urinary symptoms in men — frequency, urgency, weak stream, nocturia — which may come from the prostate, bladder or other causes.
Learn More05Urethra & Reconstructive Urology
Urethral Stricture
Narrowing of the urethra (urine passage) caused by scarring, leading to a weak stream and difficulty emptying the bladder.
Learn MoreMeatal Stenosis
Narrowing of the urethral opening at the tip of the penis, causing a deflected, fine or spraying stream.
Learn MoreRecurrent Urethral Stricture
A stricture that returns after dilatation or internal incision (DVIU). Repeat short procedures often have diminishing benefit.
Learn More06Pediatric Urology
Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR)
A condition in children where urine flows backwards from the bladder towards the kidneys, increasing the risk of kidney infections.
Learn MorePosterior Urethral Valves
A congenital blockage in a boy's urethra that obstructs urine flow from the bladder, usually detected before or shortly after birth.
Learn MoreUndescended Testis
A testicle that has not moved down into the scrotum by birth. Early surgical correction (orchidopexy) is recommended when it does not descend on its own.
Learn MorePediatric Hydronephrosis
Swelling of a child's kidney seen on ultrasound, often detected before birth. Many mild cases resolve without intervention.
Learn More