Male Infertility
Surgical Sperm Retrieval
Techniques that obtain sperm directly from the testis or epididymis for use with ICSI, when sperm is absent from the ejaculate.
01What is it?
Procedures such as PESA, TESA, TESE and micro-TESE retrieve sperm from the epididymis or testicular tissue, for use with in-vitro fertilisation using ICSI (injection of a single sperm into an egg).
02When is treatment considered?
For azoospermia — no sperm in the ejaculate — due to blockage (obstructive) or reduced production (non-obstructive), after full evaluation.
03Available treatment options
Obstructive azoospermia may alternatively be correctable by reconstructive surgery in selected cases. Donor sperm is another option couples may consider.
04What does the procedure involve?
Usually day-care under local or general anaesthesia. Micro-TESE uses an operating microscope to find the areas of the testis most likely to contain sperm.
05Expected recovery
Mild scrotal discomfort for a few days; most men resume routine activity within a week.
06Common risks
Bruising, infection, and the possibility that no sperm is found despite the procedure — the likelihood is estimated from hormone tests and evaluation beforehand.
07When to seek medical attention
Increasing pain, swelling or fever after retrieval needs review.
08Frequently asked questions
This website provides general educational information and is not a substitute for an individual medical consultation. Diagnosis and treatment should be based on assessment by a qualified healthcare professional.